Effectiveness Of Chosen Intervention For Children With...

Effectiveness of Chosen Intervention Based on the available research, the authors have chosen Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy as the most effective intervention when working with refugee and asylee youth. This intervention was chosen due to the high amount of research conducted using this intervention with refugee and asylee youth. The pliability of CBT allows this intervention to mold to the unique needs of this population and serve the vast degree of trauma and mental health conditions this population is vulnerable to. CBT provides an opportunity to research a variety of symptoms related to the refugee experience, including PTSD and depression, to combat the vast amount of trauma this population often has experienced (Murray et. al., 2008). CBT is a malleable therapy that has been explored and built upon to adapt to refugee and asylee youth experiences. Depression Two studies highlight the improvement of depression symptoms through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy interventions. Researchers Barrett, Sonderegger Xenos (2003) found levels of hopelessness, as reported through the Kazdin Hopelessness Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale, decreased for high school students through the FRIENDS program, an anxiety prevention and emotional resiliency program. In addition, using the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), researchers found a decrease in depression scores through a CBT school- based program (Fox et. al., 2005). Anxiety Symptoms of anxiety significantly decreased in

The, Cognitive, And Psychosocial Aspects Of Early Childhood

All of the mentioned observations are linked to biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects of human developmental in early childhood. The observations provided many connections to different concepts and theories produced by developmental psychologists. This analysis provides an understanding as to why the children acted the way they did in the observations. Biosocial development pertains to the biological aspect of early childhood, such as the development of the brain. Between the ages of two and six years old, the brain is continually growing. Parts of the brain that are growing are the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex develops at a much slower rate than the limbic system. The limbic system is made up of the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. All of these parts of the brain assist in experiencing emotions. The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain where decision making, actions, memory, and planning take place. During the observational period, I noticed the older children between the ages of five and six, were more emotional during the cast removal process, specifically with the cast saw, compared to the younger children between the ages of two and three. I predicted the younger children would be more fearful during the cast removal process compared to the older children. Perhaps the younger children may have not been scared due to the lack of background knowledge of saws compared to the older children. It is easier to convinceShow MoreRelatedErikson s Psychosocial Theory : Development Of Ego Identity1293 Words   |  6 PagesZoi Arvanitidis 05/16/17 ECEE-310 Dr.Alkins Studying Erikson’s Psychosocial theory Erik Erikson was a student of another theorist, Sigmund Freud. Erikson expanded on Freud’s psychosexual theory. Erikson later developed the psychosocial theory. This theory described the effect of one’s social experiences throughout one’s whole lifespan. 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This chosen subject will be my eleven year old sister, Faith Elizabeth Lattimore. Faith is currently developing in her early years of middle childhood. Piaget describes middle childhood as the time for concrete operational thought, characterized by new logical abilities about direct experiences and perceptions.(BergerRead MoreEnvironmental Factors As Family, Learning Environment, And Community847 Words   |  4 Pages Erik Erikson, a psychoanalytic theorist, called the psychosocial stage during early childhood â€Å"initiative versus guilt† stage. It involves make believe play and ambition which develop when â€Å"parents support their ch ild’s sense of purpose†(13). My own childhood development reflected this psychosocial stage. As a toddler, I would repeat words over and over again before I go to sleep when I was learning to speak. By early childhood my cognitive and language skills were rapidly growing. The improvedRead MoreEarly Childhood Psychosocial Development Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesage. Childhood is a time of tremendous change, but people also continue to grow slowly and develop during adulthood. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence. These developmental changes may be influenced by genetic factor, environment factor and maturation factor. There are three types of human development changes: physical development, cognitive development and psychosocial development. Our group member’s choice is psychosocial development in early childhood. Early childhood is theRead MoreChildrens Psychological Adjustment to Entry into Kindergarten1325 Words   |  6 Pagesperspective, early childhood development occurs within the multiple contexts of the home, the school, and the neighborhood, and aspects of these environments can contribute to the development of adjustment problems (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). A child’s psychological adjustment to entry into school for the first time can have a significant impact on the level of success achieved later in life. Children rated higher in school adjustment by their elementary school teachers, as a result of improved cognitive developmentRead MoreDevelopment Of A Child s Cognitive And Physical Development811 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment involves a series of complex stages which bring about pivotal changes in a child’s cognitive and physical development. Ozretich and Bowman suggest other periods of rapid growth through middle childhood and adolescence such as moral development, self-concept, psychological and emotional traits, relationships to adults including parents, and peer relationships (2008). Undoubtedly, these dramatic psychosocial changes, when integrated with other biological fluctuations, impact children in a tremendously

Contributions of Media in Australia’s Healthcare System †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Contributions of Media in Australias Healthcare System. Answer: Introduction Media has, for a very long time, become part and parcel of the Australian society. Australians, just like any other people, have been relying on the use of print, broadcast, and electronic media in many ways. Apart from the provision of the highly-glorified entertainment, media has been used as a platform for updating the people on current affairs, and teaching people regarding different issues in life. With these roles in mind, it is no doubt that media has been used as an important tool in the healthcare sector. The healthcare stakeholders have been relying on the media to disseminate important information to the target audience. the purpose of this paper is to present a critical analysis of the role of media in the Australias healthcare system. It evaluates the roles, and powers of the media as well as its contributions towards the delivery and promotion of culturally-safe care in the country. Roles and Powers of Media in Australia Australia is one of the countries in which media has been regarded as a very powerful tool. The powers of the media have been evidenced in the way it has become an influential tool in the society. Currently, Australians are accessed to a wide range of media platforms. A research conducted by the Australian Human Rights Commission established that the Australians are consuming the print media, broadcast media, and electronic media depending on the population demographic, tastes, affordability, and preferences. Older people... Total 18 24 A 25 34 B 35 44 C 45 54 D 55 64 E 65+ F Business Watch free-to-air TV 92% 83% 90% A 92% A 97% ABC 95% AB 97% ABC 90% Listen to the radio 74% 62% 74% A 79% AF 79% ABF 73% A 70% 80% Read newspapers (either paper or online) 67% 49% 61% A 67% A 72% AB 77% ABC 77% ABC 78% Use social media including Twitter or Facebook 66% 91% BCDEF 81% CDEF 70% DEF 57% F 53% F 39% 59% Watch movies, including renting, downloaded or going to the cinema 56% 78% BCDEF 66% CDEF 54% EF 54% EF 42% 36% 51% Read magazines 36% 41% 35% 32% 34% 42% CD 36% 37% Watch Pay TV 30% 26% 27% 33% 35% AB 27% 31% 40% Watch TV online 26% 43% CDEF 35% CDEF 27% DEF 20% F 16% 10% 29% Table I: Media consumption in Australia Source: Australian Human Rights Commission The first role of the media is that it is used to create awareness to the public. A large number of Australians uses the radio, television, newspapers, magazines, and online news platforms to acquire the information that they need to use on day to day basis. Nearly all the media outlets have a news division which is used to collect information and disseminate it to the public. The role of information is discharged both by the private and government-owned media outlets. It is because of its information role that media has been regarded as a very powerful tool in the country (Austin, DeScisciolo Samuelsen, 2016). Many Australians have a strong belief that the news provided by the media should be trusted. In fact, once information has been published by the media, the public does not bother to verify and confirm if it is accurate or not (Runnels, Packer Labont, 2016). This kind of belief will continue to make media to be so powerful in the country. The other important contribution of media in the society is that it is used as a tool for educating the public. A large number of Australians use media platforms because it gives them an opportunity to learn a lot of knowledge. New knowledge can be learnt from any media bet it broadcast, electronic or print. This happens because each media outlet has programs which are aimed at educating the public regarding different issues. For example, there are media certain programs which teach the public on issues to do with health, education, agriculture, culture, peace, just to mention, but a few. Actually, the informative role of the media has made it to be a very powerful tool in the country (Hill, et al., 2012). All Australians have come to believe that media is an influential resource that should be trusted. There are a few people who question the teaching programs disseminated by the media outlets because most of them are provided by professionals and celebrities who command huge followi ng across the country. Finally, the other way through which the media has been exerting its influence in the society is through the delivery of entertainment services. Research has revealed that the choice made by people regarding a media type is greatly influenced by the source of entertainment it provides (Leeder, 2014). It is for this reason that entertainment-rich media are consumed by certain segment of the market. For example, the youth who prefer music like to listen to online radio and televisions, YouTube, and other social media platforms. However, the adult and elderly populations still enjoy open-air radio and television channels because it provides them with the right kind of entertainment that they need (Russell, 2013). Nonetheless, media has managed to rely on entertainment to command a huge influence and following in the society. However, despite these great contributions, media has been, on several occasions, accused of negatively influencing the society and making people to develop undesir ed behaviors. The Influence of the Media in Relation to Culturally Safe Care The media has been using its powers and influence to make its positive contributions in the healthcare sector. Media has been relied upon as an important tool in the sector because it has been positively utilized by the stakeholders to benefit healthcare in different ways. The media has particularly made great contributions towards the provision of culturally-safe care to all the people in the country (Newall Scuffham, 2013). The first way through which the media has promoted the delivery of culturally-safe care is that it has been educating people on the composition of the Australian society. The media has been sensitizing people that Australia is a large country that is made up of people from diverse cultural backgrounds. When people are informed, they can be empowered to make important decisions which can be relied upon to benefit the entire community. It is important for the general public as well as individual professionals to be informed so as to enable to make right decisions regarding what to do. This is important both to the individual Australians and the healthcare providers (Almutairi, McCarthy Gardner, 2014). For example, if the healthcare practitioners are informed about the cultural challenges of the indigenous groups, they will definitely do a good job to the Torres Strait Islander people and the Aboriginals who require well-organized culturally-safe care lore than any other group in the c ountry. This kind of teaching can mostly benefit the non-indigenous healthcare practitioners who are involved in the delivery of healthcare services to the Torres Strait Islander people and the Aboriginals (Truong, Paradies Priest, 2014). The needs of these conservative people can only be satisfied by the indigenous practitioners or culturally-competent non-indigenous healthcare providers. Media can be used to help in health promotion campaigns which are aimed at advancing the delivery of culturally-safe care in the country. One of the best ways of encouraging a behavior change in the society is to engage in a health educational campaign. The current society has numerous health challenges that need to be addressed. People should be properly educated so as to provide them with all the information that they need to make accurate and informed decisions (Grant, Parry Guerin, 2013). This is what media can enable the government to achieve. When there is a need to introduce culturally-safe care in the country, it is the mass media platforms such as radio, television, newspapers, fliers, brochures, magazines, films, and electronic media platforms that should be used (Fredericks, et al., 2015). The advantage of such media platforms is that they can enable the information to get access to a mass population. This is how the government and other healthcare stakeholders have manag ed to improve the delivery of culturally-safe care to the public. The mass media has adequately played its role of informing the public to support the delivery of culturally-safe care. Despite its significant contributions, the media has been faulted for failing to effectively discharge its role of encouraging the provision of culturally-safe care in the country (Maarse, 2014). The wrong usage of the media has made it challenging to achieve health equality and equity because certain media outlets still engage in negative reporting. Over the years, certain media outlets have been deviating from their role only to engage in practices in unethical activities like stereotyping, racism, and ethnicity (Donato Segal, 2013). These practices have been thwarting the efforts of delivering culturally-safe care to the indigenous communities which still need a lot of attention as far as the issue of health equality and equity is concerned. Media Investigations As already highlighted, media is a very powerful and influential tool in the society. If properly used, it can positively transform the healthcare sector. Otherwise, it can be disastrous because it can make the country to fail to deliver quality services to the public. Here, an investigation is done on two articles which were published by the Australian to positively and negatively influence the delivery of culturally-safe care in the country (Arthurson, Darcy Rogers, 2014). Our national shame: Closing the gap for Indigenous Australians is more important than ever is a news article which was written by Jackie, Huggins and Gooda Mick and published by the Sidney Morning Herald on March 17 2016. In this article, the author presents a story of Lynore Geia, a Registered Nurse who has been serving at Close the Gap initiative in Palm Island, North Queensland. According to Ms. Geia, the Torres Strait Islander people and the Aboriginals are in the right path of achieving health equality (Sheikh-Mohammed, et al., 2014). The efforts made by the strategy have yielded fruits because they have resulted into an improvement in living standards; increase in the rate of immunization; increased accessibility to healthcare services; increased life expectancy; decreased mortality rates; and reduction in smoking, physical inactivity, alcoholism, and other harmful behaviors (Doolan, et al., 2015). Despite highlighting institutional racism as a major challenge, the article does a commendable job in portraying the indigenous community as cooperative people who have been positively responding towards the delivery of culturally-safe care to them. Bill Leak cartoon in the Australian an attack on Aboriginal people, Indigenous leader says is an article which was published on August 4, 2016 by the ABC Radio Melbourne. This article negatively portrays the indigenous communities because it discusses about a cartoon that was drawn by Leak Bill to stereotype the Aboriginals (White Collyer, 2015). In the cartoon, Bill depicted an Aboriginal man carrying a beer can, appears to be drunk and does not remember the name of his son. By depicting the Aboriginal to be saying, yeah, right to? What is his name? Bill is definitely depicting Aboriginals as good-for-nothing drunks who do are irresponsible and do not care about the welfare of their children (Filc Davidovitch, 2016). This is an example of a poor reporting by the media. It shows how the media can be a disastrous tool in the provision of culturally-safe care in the country (Sehngelia, Pavlova Groot, 2016). Such articles can make non-indigenous practitioners to develop negative atti tudes towards the indigenous people and view them as irresponsible people who do not care about their health and do not deserve to be treated well. Conclusion Media is a very powerful tool which can be of great value if properly utilized in the healthcare sector. The electronic, broadcast, and print media have been instrumental in improving the quality of healthcare services in the society because it has helped in creating awareness and informing the people. The examples of the two news articles demonstrate how influencing media can be in health care. Therefore, in order to improve the delivery of culturally-safe care, the government should not only avail culturally-competent practitioners, but put in place a culturally-sensitive media which is capable of nurturing the delivery of culturally-safe care to all the people irrespective of their cultural diversities. References Almutairi, A.F., McCarthy, A. Gardner, G.E., (2014). Understanding Cultural Competence in a MulticulturalNursing Workforce Registered Nurses Experience in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, p.1043659614523992. Austin, K. F., DeScisciolo, C., Samuelsen, L. (2016). The Failures of Privatization: A Comparative Investigation of Tuberculosis Rates and the Structure of Healthcare in Less- Developed Nations, 19952010. World Development, 78, 450-460. Arthurson, K., Darcy, M., Rogers, D. (2014). Televised territorial stigma: how social housing tenants experience the fictional media representation of estates in Australia. Environment and Planning A, 46(6), 1334-1350. Donato, R. Segal, L., (2013). Does Australia have the appropriate health reform agenda to close the gap in Indigenous health?. Australian Health Review, 37(2), pp.232-238. Doolan, I., et al., (2015). A retrospective comparison study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander injecting drug users and their contact with youth detention and/or prison. Australian Indigenous Health Bulletin, 15(4). Filc, D., Davidovitch, N. (2016). Rethinking the privatepublic mix in health care: analysis of health reforms in Israel during the last three decades. Journal of Health Services Research Policy, 21(4), 249-256. Fredericks, B.L., et al., (2015). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health. Introduction to Public Health [3rd Ed.], pp.355-376. Grant, J., Parry, Y., Guerin, P. (2013). An investigation of culturally competent terminology in healthcare policy finds ambiguity and lack of definition. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 37(3), 250-256. Hill, R., et al., (2012). A typology of indigenous engagement in Australian environmental management: implications for knowledge integration and social-ecological system sustainability. Ecology and Society, 17, pp.1-17. Leeder, S. R. (2014). Achieving equity in the Australian healthcare system. Medical Journal of Australia, 179(9), 475-479. Maarse, H. (2014). The privatization of health care in Europe: an eight-country analysis. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 31(5), 981-1014. Newall, A. T., Scuffham, P. A. (2013). Influenza-related disease: the cost to the Australian healthcare system. Vaccine, 26(52), 6818-6823. Parker, R. Milroy, H., (2014). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health: an overview. Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice. 2nd ed. Canberra: Department of The Prime Minister and Cabinet, pp.25-38. Runnels, V., Packer, C., Labont, R. (2016). 7 International health worker migration: issues of ethics, human rights and health equity. 9781784714789, 119. Russell, L.M., (2013). Reports indicate that changes are needed to close the gap for Indigenous health. Med J Aust, 199(11), pp.1-2. Sehngelia, L., Pavlova, M., Groot, W. (2016). Impact of Healthcare Reform on Universal Coverage in Georgia: A Systematic Review. Diversity Equality in Health and Care. Sheikh-Mohammed, M., et al., (2014). Barriers to access to health care for newly resettled sub- Saharan refugees in Australia. Med J Aust, 185(11-12), 594-597. Truong, M., Paradies, Y. Priest, N., (2014). Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews. BMC health services research, 14(1), p.1. White, K., Collyer, F. (2015). Health care markets in Australia: Ownership of the private hospital sector. International Journal of Health Services, 28(3), 487-510.

The Inspector Calls Essay Example For Students

The Inspector Calls Essay The Birling Family and Gerald are all one body. They all do their part so the body can function normally, just like the inspector said at the end of the play before he departed we are members of one body. (Pg. 56). Eva Smith aka Daisy Renton is a hidden tumour that the Birlings or Gerald want to keep as a dark secret. The Inspector is like the Doctor who exposes the tumour and gets them to admit they all have done something wrong to contribute to the illness. The first person to be interrogated is Mr Birling, the father of the family. We will write a custom essay on The Inspector Calls specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We learn that Eva Smith had worked for him at his factory two years ago. He fired her for starting a strike for more pay. Mr Birling thought he did the right thing and denies that this had anything to do with her death, I was quite justified. (Pg. 17). His attitude towards the girls death gives us the impression that he is snobby and doesnt care about anybody socially below him; thus he likes Gerald because he comes from a rich family. His daughter, Sheila Birling, is the next person to be interviewed. She got Eva Smith fired at Milwards, which served as a second job for the girl. She was jealous of Evas prettiness and when she pulled up a dress; it looked better on her, you might be said to have been jealous of her. (Pg. 24). Then, as Sheila turned around, she saw Eva laughing and she mistook it, thinking she was laughing at her. She complained to the manager, using her social importance to get the girl fired And so you used to power you had to punish the girl just because she made you feel like that (Pg. 24). Sheila is very selfish and stuck up; she probably got it from her parents. When she was accused, she took full responsibility, showing us she has the potential to change. The inspector calls Essay Example For Students The inspector calls Essay The play was written at the end of the Second World War, and performed a year later; it tells the tale of how a middle class family from the midlands are tied up inexplicably with the fate of a young woman who tragically commits suicide. It is set in 1912 (two years before the First World War) in the fictional town of Brumley. The fact that the play was set just before world war one is very significant to the message within the play. The gap between the upper classes and the working classes was very large, and thus there was a great social prejudice between these classes, something which plays a massive part in the play. It has to be understood that Priestly, the writer of the play, had been alive during both world wars, and wanted to express how even though Britain had been through the two most significant events of recent history, her society hadnt changed much since before the two great wars. We will write a custom essay on The inspector calls specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Living conditions for the working class was still very bad, with most people earning barely enough money to get feed themselves, let alone their families. Poverty was also rife in these conditions, as there was no national health service, and therefore many of the working classes contracted (what we would consider trivial) medical conditions that many died from. The next step up from working class was middle class, which consisted of wealthy families (mostly those heading a business), often of high social standing (e. . Mr. Birling being an ex-mayor and a magistrate). Evidently, these families could afford amenities such as a health service, and plenty of money with which to raise a family. Slightly above the middle classes were the upper classes, who were often very important members of society and held titles. The fact that there was no NHS has a significant bearing on the life of Eva Smith, because when she had nowhere to go when she needed help, she went to a womens charity where she was rejected. If the NHS existed, many desperate women like Eva Smith mayve been able to give birth and raise their children (the latter of which would have been funded by the social services). One of the messages that the playwright was trying to give could have been that even after two world wars, and no social change that one would have expected, the gap between the classes and the privileges (or not) that they received had not changed something that needs to happen in order to improve the flagging society. In the play I believe that the most important character is Birling not only does he play an important role in the play as simply a character, he also acts as an interesting symbol to the play as a whole. During the play, Birling acts as an ironic symbol of Britain at the time. He plays down the thought of war, and of the impending labour strike; The Germans dont want a war. Nobody wants war. (1, 6) Theres a lot of wild talk about possible labour trouble in the near future eve passed the worst of it. (1, 6) And also (as another act of irony), he mentions the doomed vessel Titanic as unsinkable, and of course we all know what happened to that ship. This is a symbol of Britains less cynical view on the world; Birling may have acted as Britain wanted to believe itself at the time he was head of a successful business, and also the man of the house in domestic terms, which is shown by the way he talks to his children; Just keep quiet Eric. (1, 13) .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f , .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f .postImageUrl , .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f , .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f:hover , .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f:visited , .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f:active { border:0!important; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f:active , .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub55ecc3cee7fdc7d19d368961ebbe19f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discuss the use of character foils in highlighting aspects of female protagonists in Sophocles' Antigone and Ibsen's Hedda Gabler   EssayBritain was at the time the head of the biggest empire in the world, and was very arrogant with it (an attribute that both Birling and Britain at the time share). Indeed, the playwright was trying to describe how with materialistic and self obsessed people such as Birling in Britain, the country will never change, despite two world wars and the preferable doctrine (socialism) would never come into play. Birlings materialism is shown as he is talking to Eric and Gerald after dinner, when he describes how each man should look after himself; A man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own. (1, 10) Having just been through two world wars, the playwright would have seen how such regimes such as rationing brought all the classes in Britain closer together, both socially and financially. It was this socialism that many believed Britain should have embraced after World War One, yet there was no change, either between the wars or the time immediately after the last one. These flashes of a better Britain, which ironically happened during the wars, could be represented by Birling when he is being attacked by the Inspector. Birling changed during this time of the play, in that instead of being the self confident businessman, he turned paranoid about his public image, and became worried about what sentence might be imposed on him and his family for the death of Eva Smith. However, all this apprehension seems to disappear when Gerald discovers that there is no Inspector Goole, and that no woman has committed suicide at the infirmary for years, Birling starts making jokes about the whole affair, which despite lacking tact for the others (especially Sheila and Eric), also shows that despite having been shown where his faults lie, he had no desire for change; You all helped to kill her and I wish you could have seen the look on your faces when he said that. (3, 71) I believe that Birling showed this attitude so that Priestley could portray how he believed Britain was in danger of acting through a war, and then afterwards returning to the way life was like before. The way the audience reacted to this change is probably what Priestley most wished to achieve, although many wont link the state of Britain to Birling, the way Birling acts (being ironic, arrogant and materialistic) should make the audience label him as the bad character, the one with the least morals and social values, the one who strives for perfection but only for himself, leaving those who might block his path in the lay-by. The inspector could be seen as a conscience for Birling his mind was flawlessly dissected, and yet he refused to change, which may represent how the rich (and mostly older) upper classes could not be changed from old ways, no matter how sternly their thoughts were challenged. I would imagine Birling to wear the typical twenties style suit, with possibly a gold watch and chain on his coat, and an expensive watch on his wrist. This is to imply that he is both rich and businessman like, even when he isnt at his place of work which indicates his professionalism. In terms of his physical features, I would imagine him as middle aged and balding, with a large frame, yet quite small (this last feature is essential to emphasise the inspectors height, therefore giving him authority) in height, shorter than the rest of his family. The fact he isnt so tall gives the actor an opportunity to portray the inferiority complex which some males of below average height have, where they act aggressively to people especially those taller than they are hence the fact that Birling is quite often less than pleased with the inspector. .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a , .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a .postImageUrl , .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a , .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a:hover , .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a:visited , .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a:active { border:0!important; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a:active , .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3a8c9b632e7c4a20365251d2e78309a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The following piece of literature EssayThe example of Birlings speech on page 6 (third speech on the page) is important to the play as it gives an insight into his materialistic nature. Directors Notes: For this speech I would recommend that Birling starts off in a very official tone, due to the fact he is talking formally concerning his daughters engagement to make himself look more official, Birling would have a hand in his front pocket, and the other hand grasping a glass on wine, swirling the wine around as he speaks. As the speech goes on, and Birling speaks of the silly talk, I believe that his voice would adopt a sarcastic tone, as one who is completely dismissing the possibility of a strike. When he mentioned this silly talk, Birling should lean forward and look into everybodys eyes as he speaks, not as one drunk, but as one delivering a powerful speech, to give the impression he is deadly sure of what is going to happen. As he reaches the end of his speech, Birling should straighten up his back as he talks about business, evidently being the proud owner of one (also not caring that he is talking about work at his own daughters engagement celebration). To the audience, this will give an impression of power, as Birling gives his speech confidently, almost nonchalantly. It also gives the impression that Birling is in control of his household and what happens within it. Another example of Birlings speech is on page 9 (last speech on the page). This speech appears just before the inspector calls at the Birling household. Directors notes: As Birling is talking to Eric and Gerald, his voice should remain fairly soft throughout the monologue, as if he is speaking secretly and intimately. Also, he should speak slowly and articulately, to enhance the fact that he is trying to put across a message to the two young men in front of him. Birlings hand movements will also be important, especially when he is dismissing a thought which, in his mind, is utterly stupid. For example, when he mentions community and all that nonsense, Birling should wave his hand as though he is making a half-hearted attempt at swatting a fly, therefore dismissing the idea in an instant. Also, Birling should sound proud when he says Ive learnt from the good hard school of experience, as if he has achieved something by using this school. In conclusion, I believe that Birling is an essential character to the general message of the play, as he is the epitome of Britain at the time at which the play was set the way in which Britain changed through times of war was tantamount to how Birling changed when the inspector started his questioning. Along with the inspector, Birling is the most important character in the play, conveying a message about how the playwright perceived Britain to be at the time.